Vietnam

Vietnam, located east of Laos and Cambodia, and south of China, is as narrow as 50 kilometres across, though it widens to around 600 kilometres in the north. Consisting mostly of hilly and densely forested land, with mountains make up about 40% of the land area and tropical forests covering around 42%. The Red River Delta is found in the north, with the Mekong River Delta in the south. The delta, covering about 40,000 square km, is a low-level plain no more than 3 metres above sea level at any point.

The Hoàng Liên Sơn mountain range,  includes Fansipan which is the highest summit. The country has numerous islands of which Phú Quốc is the largest. The Hang Sơn Đoòng Cave is considered the largest known cave passage in the world. The Ba Bể Lake and Mekong River are the largest lake and longest river in the country.

Temperatures vary less in the southern plains around Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta, ranging from between 21 and 35 °C over the year. In Hanoi and the surrounding areas of Red River Delta, the temperatures are much lower between 15 and 33 °C. During winter, snow occasionally falls over the highest peaks of the far northern mountains near the Chinese border.

Vietnam receives high rates of precipitation in the form of rainfall with an average amount from 1,500 mm to 2,000 mm during the monsoon seasons; this often causes flooding.